Badgir in traditional Iranian architecture

ABSTRACT

Environmental and natural phenomena play a very significant role in laying the region's interrelated cultural, economic and social infrastructures. The buildings in the Iranian desert regions are constructed according to the specific climatic conditions and differ with those built in other climates. Due to lack of access to modern heating and cooling equipment in ancient times the architects were obliged to rely on natural energies to render the inside condition of the buildings pleasant. In the past, without modern facilities, it was only the intelligent architecture of the buildings that enabled people to tolerate the hot summer. The ventilation structures called Badgirs were the most important means by which the interior was cooled. The wind-catcher operates according to the condition of the wind and sun radiation in the region. In ancient times and in traditional buildings in arid and dry regions the air trap functioned like the present modern air conditioning system. Wind-catcher is like a chimney whose end is in the underground and the top is set over a specific height on the roof and were built at the entrance of the house over underground water reservoirs or ponds built inside the house. The dry and warm wind will pass over a pond with a fountain gets cool and wet through evaporation. The Badgir's material again plays another role. Due to high fluctuation of temperature differences between day and night in this climate and night time coldness, Badgir which is made with mud-brick, gets cool by radiation and convection. The system works, when there is no wind, but when wind is blowing this system does not have problems. Because during the day, if there is wind, then cool air flows faster and at night, with wind, it may absorb the heat of the walls, because the night wind is cool enough.

"Author "A. A'zami

International Conference “Passive and Low Energy Cooling 1021 for the Built Environment”, May 2005, Santorini, Greece 

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